from 9 to 11 next April will be meeting in Bonn of the official working groups that will pick up the thread of the negotiations on climate change, after the debacle of Copenhagen. A complex task that will require a strong awareness of the urgency of the situation. Nevertheless, the premise does not seem to allow a great optimism. Even recently in the statement on the issue of climate negotiations, the European Commission has given to understand that is not expected to result in the final meeting of the Conference of the Parties to be held in November in Cancun in Mexico and that a binding agreement on reducing emissions will only possible at the COP17 to be held in 2011 in South Africa. That even in nations
United air is heavy it is proved by the recent clash at a distance between the United Nations secretary general Ban Ki Moon UN special envoy on climate change, the former Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland who had suggested the need to proceed to negotiations separate from the United Nations. To better understand the stakes in the coming months worth to retrace the steps that led to the flop of Copenhagen. COP15 that could not exert a significant result was very clear to all those who in 2009 had had the opportunity to follow the negotiations and negotiations. Already in June, the decision of the Secretary of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Yvo de Boer, now resigned, adding to the already full agenda of events other two dates suggests that countries' positions were far apart and that could be difficult to agree on legally binding reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. In short, the game itself was complex in a disappointing start to end. To better understand the scope should summarize what they were and still are the most controversial issues. The first concerns the Kyoto Protocol on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and follow-up to the commitments made by signatory countries from 2012 onwards. Largely unfulfilled commitments by developed countries and developing countries which called for an accountability clear, recalling the historic debt that the rich northern hemisphere has accumulated to the South Main object of contention was and is a commitment to limit future emissions to a level that would limit the increase in temperature. The figures are crucial in this case, the difference of half a degree (2 to 1.5 degrees) could mean the disappearance of entire nations, such as those Pacific island. The second block of shops for initiatives to be undertaken as part of a new binding agreement on climate. The negotiations have been developed around the so-called "shared vision" or the values \u200b\u200band founding principles of the international community to address the climate crisis and support patterns economic and productive low carbon content and programs for adaptation, mitigation and transfer of clean technologies. Main bone of contention is the amount of financial resources, with developing countries requiring at least 100 billion dollars a year for programs for adaptation and mitigation of climate change, and ensuring access to clean technologies .. Without a clear commitment to reduce emissions of rich countries and an equally clear commitment in terms of financial resources, any agreement would have been so unacceptable to developing countries. In mid-2009 it was clear that the U.S. reluctance to accept binding commitments to reduce emissions gas emissions, the tightening of developing countries in supporting the relevance and centrality of the Kyoto Protocol, rather than a progressive weakening of its targeted to meet the demands of Washington, el 'absolute absence of the European Union would create the prerequisites for a successful low-profile in Copenhagen. The 'Copenhagen Agreement "was concluded without the consent of all governments, and therefore not be ratified as the official result of the Conference. Among other things, the document contains no binding commitments to reduce emissions, but a series of voluntary commitments to be verified during construction, no clear proposals on how to obtain the necessary financial resources for climate policies without resorting to financial markets or "recycle" the already scarce funds for poverty alleviation. To try to find a solution to the problem of financial resources, in March of this year, Ban Ki Moon has established an ad hoc working group headed by British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and President Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia. Apart from the already disappointing content of the negotiations at COP15, the present risk is that the United Nations headquarters should be gradually abandoned for parallel negotiations, a risk made more evident by the controversy between Ban Ki Moon and the Brundtland. No coincidence that immediately after Copenhagen have followed the controversy on the excessive complexity of the rules of UN stride with urgency to take immediate steps to save the planet. In light of the lack of political will of the vast majority of developed countries to repay their accumulated ecological debt to the rest of humanity these arguments seem quite specious. Nevertheless, the U.S. reiterated their intention to consider the agreement in Copenhagen as the only basis on which to continue the negotiations, raising the strong protest of the countries in the developing world. The road to the conference to be held in Cancun, Mexico in late November is therefore an uphill struggle. Among the various hypotheses in the field to proceed to split and reach agreement on issues critical to less then focus on more complex ones such as one concerning reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. That is parallel to the official negotiations are going on other informal meetings, held in Mexico from mid-March to the one proposed in May by Chancellor Angela Merkel. On his behalf the Bolivian government convened a conference on the rights of the peoples of Mother Earth and the Climate Justice to be held in Cochabamba 19 to 2 April next in order to contribute to boost the global initiative of social movements on issues of climate justice . The intention of attending the conference should produce a work plan and a common platform on ecological debt, rights of Mother Earth of indigenous peoples and climate refugees, inter alia, proposing the establishment of an international tribunal on crimes climate. Other meetings are being held on specific issues such as protection of forests, the so-called "Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation" (REDD), a first meeting on REDD, held in Paris in March, behind closed doors and without the participation of representatives indigenous, to start a partnership for forests would be signed in Oslo just before the meeting of the Conference on Climate Change scheduled for late May in Bonn. In the aftermath of Copenhagen, the only program that seems to be exactly what is on the protection of tropical forests for which Copenhagen were announced commitments for $ 3.5 billion that could reach 8 billion. The idea is to give money to countries to protect tropical forests, stop deforestation, and ensure that they can absorb greenhouse gases. The egg of Columbus for those countries who want to continue burning coal and oil, a possible threat to the millions of indigenous people who live in tropical forests, which require as a condition of respect for their fundamental rights. A theme, human rights and climate, which has lapped the official negotiations but so far failed to make a breakthrough "cultural" and political negotiations are still too focused on numbers and science and a little on justice and equity.
published on the websites of the Left, Freedom and Ecology , March 2010
and European Alternatives
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